I generalize a benchmark model of directed technical change in order to reconcile it with the historical experience of energy transitions. I show that the economy becomes increasingly locked-in to the dominant sector when machines and energy resources are substitutes, but a transition away from...

I generalize a benchmark model of directed technical change to allow innovations and factors of production (here energy resources) to be substitutes or complements. I show that a dominant sector is forever locked-in under substitutability but researchers' market incentives can drive a transition...

I generalize a benchmark model of directed technical change to allow innovations and factors of production (here energy resources) to be substitutes or complements. I show that a dominant sector is forever locked-in under substitutability but researchers' market incentives can drive a transition...

Intro -- Foreword by ADA -- Preface by Microenergy Systems Research Group -- Preface by Daniel M. Kammen -- Preface by the Organizing Team -- Conference Summary -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I New Experiences, Simulations and Visions from the Field of AC and DC Minigrids -- 1 Swarm...