This paper examines US wage adjustment in a structural vector autoregression of the factor proportions model with capital, labor, and energy inputs. Data cover the years 1949 to 2006. The wage adjusts to changes in input levels and output prices over six to eight years. Energy has a more robust...

This paper examines US wage adjustment in a structural vector autoregression of the factor proportions model of production and trade with energy, capital, and labor inputs. Data cover the years 1949 to 2006. The wage adjusts to changes in inputs levels and output prices over 6 to 8 years. Energy...

Energy proves an essential input with robust comparative static effects in a factor proportions model of production for the US. Energy has a robust marginal product and significant substitution in a novel production function motivated by the definition of physical work. In this physical...

A factor proportions model examines the effects of falling energy input and its rising price in the US economy based on a novel production function motivated by the definition of physical work. This physical production function specifies separate interaction of energy and labor with capital,...