Energy is consumed at every stage of the cycle of water supply, treatment, use and disposal. The intensity of energy … available literature on energy intensity for water use in the municipal and agricultural sectors and separates the process into … considered. Representative values of the energy consumed per unit water are given for a broad range of processes. Water …

The production, transportation and consumption of energy resources, especially of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and … natural gas, generate negative environmental externalities including air pollution. The use of energy resources are the …, energy and industrial infrastructures, and coastal areas. In the case of local pollutants, their concentration in the ambient …

developed a bottom-up model to estimate the historical trends of energy demand, criteria air pollutants and GHG emissions caused …

water for irrigation were the most influential factors in energy consumption with amount of 39.5, 23.3 and 6.17 GJ ha−1 …) GHG emissions on the basis of energy inputs. Accordingly, several (artificial neural network) ANN models were developed … input and output energy of wheat production were 80.1 and 38 GJ ha−1, respectively. Electricity, chemical fertilizers and …

Energy consumption in the operation and maintenance phase of the urban water and wastewater network is directly related …-cycle environmental impacts. This paper studies the direct energy consumption in the operation and maintenance phase of the water and … ranged between 6.5 and 11 Euros. The energy consumed on the upstream, per unit volume water supplied was around 0.4 kWh on …

This study was carried out in Esfahan province in Iran in order to model output energy and greenhouse gas (GHG … output energy of potato production were 83,723 and 83,059MJha−1, respectively. Electricity, chemical fertilizers and seed … were the most influential factors in energy consumption with amount of 30.5, 28 and 12GJha−1. Energy use efficiency and …

Climate change and global warming as the main human societies’ threats are fundamentally associated with energy … consumption and GHG emissions. The residential sector, representing 27% and 17% of global energy consumption and CO2 emissions …’ residential energy consumption and GHG emissions have direct, significant effects on the world environment. The aim of this paper …