The purpose of this paper is to introduce a modification of a standard four input production process where energy is used in an inefficient way due to partly unnecessary waste of energy. In this production process, R&D investment is an additional input in order to improve energy efficiency. It...

We analyse optimal environmental policies in a market that is vertically differentiated in terms of the energy efficiency of products. Considering energy taxes, subsidies to firms for investment in more eco-friendly products, and product standards, we are particularly interested in how...

Die russische Energiebranche ist der vielversprechendste Exportbereich des Landes. Allerdings kämpft die Branche damit, sich von den scharfen Regulierungen und ökonomischen Störungen zu befreien, die aus der Sowjetzeit stammen. 1993 ging der inländische Ölverbrauch um 16% zurück. Während...