The transport sector offers limited options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as compared with other sectors, such as power generation and industrial sectors. To understand the potential reduction of energy consumption and associated emissions through fuel substitution or transportation service...

Uses of main primary energy resources, such as coal, oil, and solid biomass, are directly linked with adverse impacts on human health. Air pollution emitted from various activities in the energy supply chains is the main risk factor to human health, along with accidental and occupational risk...