This paper explores the bi-directional long-run relationship between energy consumption in the road transport sector with CO2 emissions and economic growth in OECD countries. Using time series data from 1960 to 2008 and employing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares cointegration approach,...

This study examines the cointegration and causal relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption in selected Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries for the period 1971–2009. The recently developed Autoregressive Distributed Lag...

This paper tests for the short and long-run relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by employing both the aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption data in Malaysia for the period 1980–2009....

Energy diversification, a critical strategy for environmental protection, has been surprisingly understudied in academic discourse. This paper seeks to address this gap by investigating the relationship between energy diversification and climate change in 76 countries from 1990 to 2020. We...