This paper aims to reexamine the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 20 OECD countries. To that end, we employ a Granger causality test in the frequency domain which allows us to distinguish short (temporary) and long-run (permanent) causality. The empirical...

In this study, we employ a recently introduced unit root test with a Fourier function that is capable of capturing the unknown nature of structural breaks, to reexamine the stationarity properties of energy consumption per capita of 109 countries over the period 1960–2011. The results of the...