Electricity serves as a vital input to modern economies. Many critical infrastructures such transportation, telecommunications, banking, among others, depend on continuous supply of electricity to perform their functions. However, as modern economies continue to move towards digitalization and...

Following the Federal government's requirement that electric utilities allow other power generators to use their transmission lines, investment in the U.S. electric grid has faltered. The effects of underinvestment in the grid has limited the proper function of competitive energy markets, and...

Blackouts impose substantial economic costs in developing countries. This paper advances a new explanation for their continued prevalence: unlike in high-income countries, where regulatory mandates require utilities to satisfy all electricity demand, utilities in developing countries respond to...