The Scandinavian region – Denmark, Norway and Sweden – is a world-leading example of a rapid energy transition as a result of high rates of electrification. These three countries, along with Finland and Iceland, aim to be mostly ‘fossil free’ by 2050; Denmark, Sweden and Norway have some of...

This Article analyzes the development and dissemination of environmentally sound technologies that can address climate change. Climate change poses catastrophic health and security risks on a global scale. Universities, individual innovators, private firms, civil society, governments, and the...

The objective of this paper is to promote global energy security by evaluating the existing patchwork of institutions and processes linked to the governance of the global energy economy. What we mean by global energy security is the satisfaction of humankind’s energy needs to maintain...

Energy efficiency and conservation are the most practical and cost effective approaches to providing energy services and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and deliver a wide range of social, economic, security, and environmental benefits. Although they represent the most sustainable approach to...

In order to meet the Paris Agreement climate goals and spurred by increasing concern over the adverse impacts of climate change, governments and organizations around the world are calling for the transition and transformation of the energy sector away from fossil fuel extraction and toward...

Starting from the premise that climate change mitigation is a global public good, there is a nexus between energy and climate change, which encompasses a range of issues such as clean energy subsidies, carbon taxes, and border adjustment for carbon emissions. In the absence of a global climate...

Poor performance of the electricity sector remains a drag to economic efficiency and a bottleneck to economic activity in many low-income countries. This paper proposes a number of models that account for different equilibria (some better, some worse) of the electricity sector. They show how...

This study develops a scenario-based model to assess the current and future trends in energy demand in Africa and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Future energy demand is forecast on the basis of socio-economic variables such as gross domestic product, income per capita, population, and...

This paper is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the development of the global economy. Its focus is on the context in which oil and gas producers in both established and developing countries must frame their policies in order to optimize the benefits of producing such resources. It...