A secure energy supply is important for Japan, but it is becoming difficult to attain due to increasing energy demand in emerging countries. In addition, the achievement of a low-carbon society is strongly related to energy security. This study aims to evaluate energy security performances in...

A secure energy supply is important for all countries. This is especially true for EU countries for geopolitical reasons and because of ongoing reforms in energy markets. This study aims to understand how the energy security of EU countries has evolved by applying three energy security...