of population density in England from its year 1500 level raises the difference in the growth rates of land- and labor … discussed topic in economics since at least Malthus (1798). Whether fixed factors limit growth depends crucially on two …-industrial England. I find that the elasticity of substitution between land and other factors during this period was signicantly less …

depopulation (falling perhaps from ca. 1320) - by about 50% in England ca. 1450 - drastically altered the land:labour ratio so that … costs of foodstuffs. As Ricardo had argued, a population decline necessarily led to lower grain prices, reduced rents, as … taken from both England and Flanders (up to ca. 1500): i.e., from both a basically rural agrarian economy (England) and a …

individuals in England and Wales who left full-time education in their last year of compulsory schooling immediately after the …

, especially in England, to the consequences of population growth during this era: i.e., to a fall in the marginal productivity of … provided a comparison of prices and real wages of building craftsmen in the regions of Antwerp and south-eastern England, from … consumables' price index that Phelps Brown and Hopkins had produced, for south-eastern England, in 1956. His graphs revealed that …

for this supposed ‘Golden Age’ of rising real wages is that sharp fall in population – with the Black Death (from 1348 …, downwards as well as upwards. Though one might readily provide evidence that the MRP of various kinds of labour, in England and … price-index and cost of living, in both of these countries. For England, the cost-of-living index is measured by the well …