others. However, the same holds true for top managers. In this lab-in-the-field experiment we directly compare the scores of … entrepreneurs, managers and employees on a comprehensive set of measures of optimism and overconfidence (n = 2,058). The results … when bad events occur. For incentivized measures of overconfidence we find no difference between entrepreneurs and managers …

We examine in a large survey (n = 1,928) how contemplative entrepreneurs, managers and employees are in their decision … choices are partly in line with this: entrepreneurs make indeed more intuitive choices than managers, but are equally …) equal those of managers. Together these findings tentatively suggest that entrepreneurs start from a stronger prior …