The late-Victorian era was characteristed by especially close links between politicians and firms in the UK. Roughly half of all members of Parliament served as company directors, many as directors of multiple firms. We analyze 467 British companies over the period 1895 to 1904 to investigate...

The late-Victorian era was characterized by especially close links between politicians and firms in the U.K., with up to half of all members of Parliament serving as company directors. We analyze the performance of 467 British companies over the period 1895 to 1904. An analysis of election...