The following sections are included: <ul><li class="bullet">Introduction</li><li class="bullet">Fundamental Concepts</li><li class="bullet">The Cooperative Solution</li><li class="bullet">Community-created Brand Value</li><li class="bullet">Collective Action and Common Assets</li><li class="bullet">Cooperative, Employee-owned Organizations: Beyond Capital Accumulation</li><li class="bullet">Common Resources, Common Purposes: Managing Coordination</li><li class="bullet">Conclusions</li><li...</li></ul>

This paper reviews the literature on the role of public equity markets in the innovation ecosystem. The review highlights the importance of public equity markets in funding the research and development activities of young and high growth firms. It also illustrates the dependence of venture...

I show that disruptions to personal sources of financing, aside from commercial lending supply shocks, impair the survival and growth of small businesses. Entrepreneurs holding deposit accounts at retail banking institutions that defaulted following the financial crisis reduce personal borrowing...

Using a monthly panel dataset of individuals' debt composition including mortgage and nonmortgage consumer credit, we show that house price changes can explain a significant fraction of personal debt composition dynamics. We exploit the variation in local house price growth as shocks to...