In recent years governments around the world have introduced policies to stimulate investments in early stage entrepreneurial companies, in particular investments by Angel investors. In this paper we study whether introducing subsidies to Angel investors has effects on startups’ access to...

Corporate venture capitalists (CVC) invest in entrepreneurial startups for reasons including financial and strategic goals. In high-tech industries CVCs may use direct equity investment to stimulate innovation that is directly relevant to the investing firms' innovation efforts. At the same...

We compare investment in innovation (e.g., R&D) between new venture start-ups before commercialization and operating businesses after commercialization. Operating businesses use R&D to improve actual earnings while start-ups use R&D to improve prospective earnings. When a start-up entrepreneur...

Corporate venture capitalists (CVC) invest in entrepreneurial startups for financial and strategic goals. CVCs may use direct equity investment to stimulate innovation that is appropriable by the investing firms. At the same time, CVC is also used for strategic goals which may include blocking...

We analyze the roles of entrepreneurs, venture capitalists (VC), and the government in financing fundamental innovations, defined as those with positive social value net of development costs, but negative net present values to innovating firms. We first analyze the case where the entrepreneur,...