One of the main challenges for scholars studying micro-level international expansion is to identify new proxies for firm-specific advantages (FSAs), in lieu of - or in addition to - strengths in R&D/patents and advertising/brand names, and to predict which firms are most likely to engage earlier...

In this chapter we address the lack of sufficient entrepreneurship in multinational enterprises that seek to improve their ability to achieve national responsiveness. The main reason for this deficiency appears to be the transfer of proven routines from the home country, even when it is clear...