This paper views authority as the right to undertake decisions that impose externalities on other members of the … organization's decisions. Under asymmetric information, the efficient allocation of authority depends on the communication of …

bureaucracy rather than to an autocratic leader. We combine the Aghion-Tirole definition of formal and real authority with the … political accountability, the lower should be real authority at the bottom of the government hierarchy. Empirically, we find … that in countries with lower political accountability those in political power have less authority over the public …

of view, because of a perceived authority of management. In the 1960s, Stanley Milgram conducted controversial … experiments to investigate just how far obedience to an authority figure could subvert his subjects' moral beliefs. In this … authority to analyse and understand the challenges which business professionals encounter in making ethical decisions. Obstacles …

This paper views authority as the right to undertake decisions that have external effects on other members of the … this in a principal-agent model where the principal retains the authority to select ' large' projects but delegates the …