variable that induces a smaller degree of competition. The reason is that demand uncertainty and the degree of substitutability …This paper analyzes a duopoly model with stochastic demand in which firms first choose their strategy variable and …

teamwork post competition. Affirmative action with uncertain favored groups does not distort belief in competence, and thus … does not induce such unintended consequences. In contrast, it increases competition entry of the affirmed groups and …