"This final report was prepared by Bruno Losch, Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh and Eric White (World Bank), with contributions of Thierry Giordano and Jean-François Bélières (Cirad). It was peer-reviewed by Derek Byerlee, Don Larson (World Bank), and André Pouilles-Duplaix (AFD). The report draws...

This paper focuses on three interrelated questions on urbanization and the geography of development. First, although we herald cities with their industrial bases as “engines of growth,” does industrialization in fact drive urbanization? While such relationships appear in the data, the...