the hypothesis that the introduction of maize increased population density and Trans-Atlantic slave exports in precolonial … Africa. We find robust empirical support for these predictions. We also find little evidence to suggest maize increased … economic growth or reduced conflict. Our results suggest that rather than stimulating development, the introduction of maize …

the rundown in P reserves and the consequential rise in fertilizer prices. The global distribution of current P fertilizer … fertilizer P manufacture and use, and the recycling of P in liquid and solid wastes. The latter approach offers win-win solutions …

the consequences for developing countries' processes of structural change. The results suggest a clear role for fertilizer … agriculture and increases of non-agricultural value added per capita. The identification strategy for the effect of fertilizer … includes a novel instrumental variable that exploits variation in global fertilizer price, interacted with the inverse distance …