Kenya and Chad are victims of various internal and external shocks that includes the recent global financial crisis … of showing how shocks and their effects are felt and addressed in different locations of Africa. Data used in the study …

Chad, Burkina-Faso, Mali and Niger. …

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are … increases in refugees, especially from Burkina Faso. The Sahel conflict may affect economic performance in the focus countries … spillovers', whereby conflict and violence from the centre of the Sahel are transmitted to the focus countries. This pathway …