Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Ottoman cash waqf contracts and the transactions from the 15th to 19th centuries: a source for the new cash waqf fintech contract model and sdgs -- Chapter 3. Ottoman practices of zakat (obligatory alms): a tax or charity? -- Chapter 4. Nano entrepreneurship...

This contribution studies the influence of poor politico-economic factors, unfavorable demographic conditions, state failure, modernization, secularization, globalization and the perceived dependency of the Islamic world from the West on the onset of armed Islamist activity for 155 countries...