Fifty years ago, China sent more than 16 million urban youths aged 16-19 to rural villages to work and they spent … between 1 and 10 years there. This is known as the "sent-down youth" (SDY) program. This paper examines how this internal …

survey experiment in Tanzania that varied two key dimensions: the level of detail of the questions and the type of respondent …. Significant differences are observed across survey designs with respect to different labor statistics. Labor force participation … rates, for example, vary by as much as 10 percentage points across the four survey assignments. Using a short labor module …

impairing everybody's life. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of existing literature on corruption and …