Trade is an essential driver of economic growth and development. However, the high cost of trade has remained a significant barrier to the success of cross-border trade in many regions across the world. One-stop border posts (OSBPs) have been introduced in various regions, including East Africa,...

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...