"Building effective state institutions before introducing democracy is widely presumed to improve different development outcomes. Conversely, proponents of this “stateness-first” argument anticipate that democratization before state building yields poor development outcomes. In this Element,...

Deposit and Lending Interest Rate Liberalization Reforms Challenges, Pathways, and Policy Options -- Deposit and Lending Rates: Significance and Impacts of their Liberalization -- China’s Return on Capital and Real Interest Rates in Relation to Investment -- Household Savings Impact of...

Chapter One: Introduction -- Chapter Two: Looking Back at How Egypt Got to Today -- Chapter Three: Navigating the Storms -- Chapter Four: Achieving Sustainable and Inclusive Growth -- Chapter Five: The Way Forward.

The economic interest and activities of China has rapidly increased in developing countries since the economic reform of 1978. Chinese firms actively emerged in the Latin America and African market and challenged giant American and European companies. This paper aims to provide an insight of...