fertility pressures on women, which favored late female marriages already in the pre-industrial era. The resulting family and … household patterns placed women into a better position to struggle for more gender equality during the subsequent transitions …-condition predict differences in pre-industrial female marriage ages, which in turn explain differences in gender equality today. The …

female employment. In general, women experience both marriage and child penalties, but their relative importance depends on … sizable child penalties: men and women follow parallel trends before parenthood, but diverge sharply and persistently after … gender inequality. Because parenthood is often tied to marriage, we also investigate the existence of marriage penalties in …

to the 'early' industrializing countries of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It shows that women are far more … greater equality is rooted in educational opportunities; and argues that both educational provision, and women's entry into … developing economies. -- elites ; higher education ; women ; development ; economic history ; families …

We examine the impact of gender equality on electoral violence in Africa using micro-level data from the sixth round of … Afrobarometer surveys. The sample covers 30 countries. We find that gender equality is associated with lower electoral violence … correlated with a reduction of the probability of electoral violence across the continent by around 4.2 percentage points. Our …

We develop a framework for quantifying barriers to labor force participation (LFP) and entrepreneurship faced by women … in India. We find substantial barriers to LFP, and higher costs of expanding businesses through the hiring of workers for … women entrepreneurs. However, there is one area in which female entrepreneurs have an advantage: the hiring of female …

educational infrastructure, women become better educated, improve their skills and capabilities, gain possibilities to enter the … labour market and use financial resources to start up their own businesses. All these bring women to play a role on the … labour market and significantly contribute to overall socio-economic development. The women entrepreneurship unfolds various …

educational infrastructure, women become better educated, improve their skills and capabilities, gain possibilities to enter the … labour market and use financial resources to start up their own businesses. All these bring women to play a role on the … labour market and significantly contribute to overall socio-economic development. The women entrepreneurship unfolds various …