Indonesia has about 200 provincial towns with populations between 50,000 and a million, yet they have attracted far … have not been seen in Indonesia since the 1950s and early 1960s. Provincial towns have talked back to the center in ways …. Most of Indonesia's towns, particularly outside Java, became urban only through the formation of the modern colonial state …

continued operations by Dutch enterprises in Indonesia during the 1950s. The account culminates with the takeover and …