This volume tests the relevance and usefulness of guarantees to public and private actors in developing countries, especially for funding development projects. Not to be confused with export credit guarantees usually accorded to nationals with the aim of stimulating exports and overseas...

This volume tests the relevance and usefulness of guarantees to public and private actors in developing countries, especially for funding development projects. The presence of guarantees from multilateral or bilateral agencies can encourage financial flows either to increase, or to go where they...

Sanitation services are beneficial for communities at large. They generate strong positive health and environmental benefits to society ('externalities'). Public financing is an important way to stimulate the provision of these services, but there are serious issues with the way public subsidies...