. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and …

This paper analyses the effectiveness of tax-benefit systems in reducing poverty and inequality across 13 countries in … to poverty and inequality. Additionally, we assess gender disparities in outcomes, quantify the distributional effects of …

poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the … standard poverty indexes. It is argued that negative and zero incomes cannot be treated equally in terms of household well …-being and that standard methods used by practitioners fail to recognize this fact likely resulting in overestimations of poverty. …

evidence on relative mobility and poverty dynamics. We then describe evidence on economic mobility obtained via synthetic … classes by households over time: poverty is not inevitably a chronic condition. However, less clear are the factors driving … northern India over seven decades. We describe patterns of poverty dynamics and economic mobility in the village, and we …