A secure energy supply is important for all countries. This is especially true for EU countries for geopolitical reasons and because of ongoing reforms in energy markets. This study aims to understand how the energy security of EU countries has evolved by applying three energy security...

Chapter 1. Effects of energy price shocks on Germany's economy and private households -- Chapter 2. Demographic shifts, household energy needs and vulnerability -- Chapter 3. Energy poverty and health pathologies: an empirical study on the French Case -- Chapter 4. Vulnerability to motor fuel...

Government subsidies to energy are widespread and represent a heavy burden on public budgets in many countries. Both producers and consumers may be subsidized; the most common subsidies are for motor fuel consumption and electricity production and consumption. The subsidies to consumers often...