The development community agrees on the need to address conflict and fragility for global security and sustainable … opportunities and economic, political and environmental security. The amounts of private finance mobilised increase, as a country … security remains unclear, as these two dimensions exert more complex influence on the trade-off between perceived risks and …

development challenge. It has also recognized that such states are potential threats to international peace and security. But …

and humanitarian dynamics in myriad ways. The longest-running among these kinds of models is the Fund for Peace’s Fragile … States Index (Fund for Peace, 2023). Other models focus on state fragility as a function of different aspects of “stateness …

Policymakers often justify border hardening as a response to insecurity. However, evidence for security … North than in the Global South, where most border hardening has occurred. Among developing countries, two salient, security … security under the War on Terror has also spurred fortification. I find support for these hypotheses using new data on US …