The EU has notified the WTO of 21 bilateral trade agreements that are currently in force with nonmember countries (WTO, 2005). Under these agreements, the EU grants almost unlimited access to its industrial markets, but only limited preferential access to its agricultural markets for various...

To date, border adjustment measures in the form of emissions allowance requirements (EAR) under the U.S. proposed cap-and-trade regime are the most concrete unilateral trade measure put forward to level the carbon playing field. If improperly implemented, such measures could disturb the world...

APEC's vision of integrating the APEC has remained, for the most part, intangible. Cultural differences, socioeconomic disparity, and lack of a defined structure and leadership have been cited by many as major obstacles. Lately, there has been a proliferation of regional groups in Asia, creating...