The worldwide growth slowdown after 1975 was a major negative fiscal shock; lower growth lowers the present value of tax revenues and primary surpluses and thus makes a given level of debt more burdensome. Most countries failed to adjust to the negative fiscal consequences of the growth...

This paper focuses on the debt build-up that frontier low-income developing countries (LIDCs) have faced since 2012. First, it documents a 20-percentage point increase in the external and government debt-to-GDP ratios, a composition shift toward higher non-concessional debt, and a rise in...

In this work, behavior of money multipliers for a developing country, Turkey is examined and is calculated by estimating the values of the model constructed for the purpose for the period of 1952-1972. However, model lends itself for applications covering any other period.Study includes three...

Debt in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) is at its highest level in half a century. In about nine out of 10 EMDEs, debt is higher now than it was in 2010 and, in half of the EMDEs, debt is more than 30 percentage points of gross domestic product higher. Historically, elevated...

Following the financial crisis in 2008/09, concern on some EU countries' public debt has continued to deepen in 2010/2011. As of May 2011, Greece, Ireland and Portugal have resorted to the joint EU-IMF's support, and economists now acknowledge a debt crisis in the Euro Area. If at first the...

The 2005 World Summit Outcome (United Nations, General Assembly 2005b, pp. 7-8) noted that debt relief can be an important source of capital for development. Since debt relief for developing countries is currently determined by assessments of what is considered a sustainable external debt...

How is a developing country affected by its government's ability to borrow in international markets? We examine the dynamics of a country's growth, consumption, and sovereign debt, assuming that the government's objective is to maximize short-term, typically wasteful, expenditures. Sovereign...

Debt in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) is at its highest level in half a century. In about nine out of 10 EMDEs, debt is higher now than it was in 2010 and, in half of the EMDEs, debt is more than 30 percentage points of gross domestic product higher. Historically, elevated...