Significant amount of recent research continues to produce evidence in support of the presence of sheepskin effects in returns to schooling both for developed and developing countries. However, researchers have not made many attempts to identify or empirically test the possible mechanisms that...

This paper is a review of the literature in economics up to the early 1980s on the issue of estimating the earnings return to schooling and labor market experience. It begins with a presentation of Adam Smith's (1776) analysis of wage determination, with the second of his five points on...

This paper is a review of the literature in economics up to the early 1980s on the issue of estimating the earnings return to schooling and labor market experience. It begins with a presentation of Adam Smith's (1776) analysis of wage determination, with the second of his five points on...

1. Introduction: Education and Human Capital, Current Debates, and Policy Imperatives -- 2. Unpacking the Rhetorical Equity for Development: Is Equity Available in an Unequal Society? -- 3. Educational Expansion in Africa (1965–2010): Implications for Economic Inequality between Countries --...