Ideally, carbon offset programs issue each project a number of offset credits equal to the number of reductions in carbon emissions it achieves. Realistically, any one project likely receives more or less offset credits than the emissions it reduces. Therefore, the net emissions impact of offset...

Climate change is one of the most urgent and severe problems on the international agenda and one of the basic factors that determine sustainability conditions. This paper attempts to reveal the connection between productive base sustainability for two large groups of countries, developed and...

Under the Kyoto Protocol, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to facilitate the North-South knowledge spillovers for climate-friendly technologies. This paper examines the effects of this voluntary international climate cooperation on firm innovation and knowledge spillovers through...