The rapid rise in global fragmentation - foreign investment, global supply chains, and 'production sharing' - is fundamentally reshaping the multilateral trading system. This paper uses a simple economic modeling framework to understand how the global fragmentation phenomenon may reshape the...

Foreign direct investment in low-wage, low-skill activities -- Improving the treatment of workers at the bottom by providing a path up from below -- Core standards for the treatment of workers around the world -- WTO-based enforcement of core labor standards -- Voluntary mechanisms for improving...

This paper provides insights to inform government efforts to attract and retain foreign direct investment, by analyzing the results of a survey of more than 2,400 affiliates of multinational enterprises across 10 middle-income countries. The paper explores corporate perspectives and...