Establishing peace and reconstructing Africa's war-damaged economies are urgent challenges. For Africa to recover …

Civil war conflict is a core development issue. The existence of civil war can dramatically slow a country …'s development process, especially in low-income countries which are more vulnerable to civil war conflict. Conversely, development … can impede civil war. When development succeeds, countries become safer-when development fails, they experience a greater …

years. This report argues that civil war is now an important issue for development. War retards development, but conversely …, development retards war. This double causation gives rise to virtuous and vicious circles. Where development succeeds, countries … are at high risk of becoming caught in a conflict trap in which war wrecks the economy and increases the risk of further …