The implications of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability) as well as a normal input (strong disposability) on the direct and indirect shadow price and cost estimates of nitrogen pollution abatement is analyzed using Nebraska agriculture sector data. The...

This paper addresses the issue of the shadow price of environmental bads treated as an undesirable output (normal input) with weak (strong) disposability in a two-stage estimation. Nebraska agriculture sector time series data used is spread over 1936-94. Results indicate the difference in the...

GSD is used to determine the risk efficiency of nine different technologies of land application. The analysis shows that organic applications for crop phosphorus needs are the most environmentally efficient. Under producer risk aversion, inorganic fertilizer application is the most economically...

This paper addresses the role of non-parametric analysis in adjusting agricultural productivity measures for environmental impacts. The modified Tornquist-Theil index computed using shadow prices derived from the programming procedures is compared and contrasted with a non-parametric hyperbolic...

Here, using input, output and nitrogen pollution data related to one state, we propose to extend the elasticity concept to include environmental pollution treated as undesirable output to provide the environmentally adjusted elasticity measures for the period, 1936-1997 in a two-step procedure.

Our contribution in this article is to compare two methods of adjusting agricultural productivity estimates for the effects of bad environmental outputs. One method is a direct non-parametric Malmquist index with the environmental variables include. The other method is to use the shadow prices...

Traditional Total factor productivity [TFP] misrepresents the true change in agricultural productivity because environmental bads jointly produced with desirable outputs are unaccounted. Nonparametric measures incorporating environmental bads support the hypothesis that prior [after] to 1980's...