The enlargemenr of the Eu in 1995 with Austria, Finland and Sweden had a considerable effect on the Union's policy on forests, and there is reason to believe that further impact will arise from the enlargement in 2004 with ten Central and Eastern European countries. The present study aims at...

Economic optimization of silvicultural strategies is usually based maximization of (expected) present value, prices and costs being based on historical information. However, in some cases forest owners may have strong opinions regarding the character of future timber markets, conflicting with...

Selective logging operations in natural tropical forests often involve a very limited number of commercial tree species and if the density of these species is low, the number of trees felled may be only a few per ha. Consequently the costs of road and trail networks have a significant impact on...

Sustainability has several definitions within natural resource economics. Sustainable states may be economically or biologically determined. Age and age classes add complexity to any definition of forest sustainability. Here we focus on selected metrics that might be used to define forest...

Based on interviews with 103 leaders of groups harvesting agarwood in various parts of Lao PDR we identify income determinants and prepare a typology of harvesters. There are three main groups of harvesters: [a] highly professional, migrant harvesters from Vietnam; [b] nonlocal, professional...

Expanding markets of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and increasing interest in traditional medicines and health foods have resulted in a growing trade of these NTFPs at local, national and international levels. The trade provides income-generating opportunities for rural people in developing...

Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Tanzania aims to improve forest condition, livelihoods for local people and natural resources governance at the village level. Using data collected from 12 villages and forest areas with (n=10) and without (n=2) participatory forest management across...