This work presents an economic analysis of the issues surrounding pollution and the pollution pays principle (PPP) such as the conflict between economics and ecology, externalities, internalization of external costs, solutions to externalities, the economic instruments as recommended by the OECD...

This work traces the history of the polluter pays principle (the PPP) in the early economic literature from 1920s. The OECD recommended the PPP as the ‘Guiding Principle Concerning the International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies’ in 1972. In 1973 the Council of the European...