We examine the value consequences of corporate social responsibility through the lens of institutional shareholders. We find a sharp asymmetry between corporate policies that mitigate the firm's exposure to environmental risk and those that enhance its perceived environmental friendliness...

We examine the value consequences of corporate social responsibility through the lens of institutional shareholders. We find a sharp asymmetry between corporate policies that mitigate the firm's exposure to environmental risk and those that enhance its perceived environmental friendliness...

Agent-based simulation (ABS) is being increasingly used in environmental management. However, the efficient and effective use of ABS for environmental modelling is hindered by the fact that there is no fixed and clear definition of what an ABS is or even what an agent should be. Terminology has...