The protection of the global environment is impeded by multilateral externalities which the international community attempts to bring under control by entering into international agreements. International agreements, however, can suffer from non-compliance and free-riding behaviour by sovereign...

This paper discusses unilateral sustainability policies for tradable resources in closed and open economies. The effects of sustainability policies are modelled in an intertemporal, competitive framework by applying different sustainabilityrules which are introduced unilaterally in the domestic...