The EU farmers are subject to mandatory cross-compliance measures requiring them to meet environmental conditions to be eligible for public support. These obligations reinforce incentives for the farmers to change their behavior towards the environment. We apply quasi-experimental methods to...

This paper is a first attempt to empirically measure transaction costs – a composite of administrativecosts and trading costs – of firms in the European Union's CO2 Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)during its trial phase (2005-2007). This analysis provides some evidence that transaction...