All European Union (EU) member states have to comply with the demanding recycling rates targets that were set for the … the recycling system. Moreover, one can observe very different approaches for managing household packaging waste, although … altogether) of any approach over another. This paper presents and discusses the pros and cons of the recycling systems of …

show that current environmental policy's focus on maximising recycling is optimal now, but that modest improvements in … primary pulping technology may shift the optimal industry configuration away from recycling toward more primary pulping with … that their single-minded focus on recycling may foreclose investment in technologies that could prove environmentally …

/refund, advance disposal fees, and recycling subsidies on upstream greenhouse gas emissions. We find that the benefits of reducing …-specific and vary substantially across materials. Finally, despite the reductions in emissions implied by increased recycling rates …, direct recycling subsidies are more costly and generate less emissions reductions than a deposit/refund or advance disposal …