States sometimes restrict imports to address environmental concerns arising from conduct outside of their territory. Apart from the need to comply with World Trade Organization (WTO) law, these trade measures give rise to two jurisdictional issues: first, the importing State might be alleged to...

Principle 12 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development contains aspirations for the role of trade policy in an open international economic system leading to sustainable development. Paradoxically, Principle 12 goes further than trade law disciplines in suggesting that countries...