We find that the effectiveness of environmental regulations is contingent on local banking competition in China. Specifically, firms located in cities with more concentrated banking markets are less likely to reduce their SO2 emissions or increase investment in abatement equipment when faced...

This paper analyses the impact of changes in environmental regulations on productivity growth at country- and firm-level. We exploit several data sources and the environmen-tal policy stringency index, to evaluate the Porter hypothesis, according to which firms’ productivity can benefit from...

This paper analyses the impact of changes in environmental regulations on productivity growth at country- and firm-level. We exploit several data sources and the environmental policy stringency index, to evaluate the Porter hypothesis, according to which firms’ productivity can benefit from...

The European Union has been increasingly active for more than a decade in the conclusion of free trade agreements (FTAs) directly with partner countries and outside the WTO. This has brought to the conclusion of some very large free trade agreements such as the CETA with Canada or the more...