Instruments chosen to pursue climate related targets are not always efficient. In this paper we consider an economy with three climate related targets for its electricity generation: a given share of "green" electricity, a given expansion of "green" electricity, and a given reduction of "black"...

This paper provides a first estimate of the potential greenhouse gas mitigation from the intra-sector reallocation of economic activity by the European manufacturing industry away from carbon-inefficient - or "brown zombie" - firms to more carbon-efficient firms. Using techniques from the...

We collect data on 24,000 state aid cases within the European Union to create granular measures of national environmental support and study their interactions with the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Exploiting variation in regulated installations' exposure to carbon prices and...

Using a stacked differences-in-differences approach, we study the effects of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Germany. The implementation of stage 1 and 2 LEZs, which banned the most pollution-intensive vehicles from city centers, significantly reduced PM10 concentrations. The most restrictive third...