and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models show that, in both countries … female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China. Two … earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly …

This paper takes stock of informal employment in Russia analyzing its incidence and determinants. Using the regular … Russia when estimating an informal-formal wage gap for salaried workers at the mean. The results of quantile regressions show …