The paper documents employment and wage gaps, which arise between mothers and childless women, for a set of 28 European …

We compare employment rates of mothers and childless women over the life course across the birth cohorts from 1940 to … 1979 in Austria. By following synthetic cohorts of mothers and childless women up to retirement age, we are able to study …), conducted between 1986 and 2016. The results show that although employment rates of mothers have increased across cohorts, the …

measures supporting working mothers (as, for instance paid parental leave) while the presence of such supports seems to reduce …

Germany'-Study for 2010 and 2011 (N=3,301 mothers) with regional structural quality data. We used regression models of … employment status and work hours changes, respectively. In East Germany, mothers with a child aged under three years who lived in … negative association of child-teacher-ratios with maternal employment was marginally significant. For mothers with older …

reunification, however, the employment rates of mothers with children requiring childcare have converged. This trend is accompanied … remain. Mothers in the east work full time markedly more often compared to mothers in the west. However, women in younger age … in attitudes and thus also in the full-time employment of mothers with young children. …