by only 1 percentage point, implying that increased childcare responsibilities caused a sharp decline in mothers … progress in narrowing the employment gender gap. …

work from home. The lockdown led to a large increase in childcare and housework, given the closing of schools and the … inability to outsource. We find that men increased their participation in housework and childcare slightly, but most of the … crisis appears to have increased gender inequalities in both paid and unpaid work in the short-term. …

fathers by about 1 hour per week. Respondents who hold more egalitarian gender beliefs, those with tertiary education, native …

few mothers indicate that they would start working if better access to formal childcare were available. Switching to the …

, differential effects by gender, couple status, and parental status exist. Coupled women were less likely to be working than coupled …

data on all Dutch employees up to 30 June 2020, focussing on the national lockdown and the emergency childcare for … as others, irrespective of gender and spousal employment. Third, single-parent essential workers experience relatively … large negative labour supply effects, suggesting emergency childcare was not sufficient for this group. However, overall …

data on all Dutch employees up to 30 June 2020, focusing on the national lockdown and the emergency childcare for essential …, irrespective of gender and spousal employment. Third, singleparent essential workers experience relatively large negative labour … supply effects, suggesting emergency childcare was not sufficient for this group. However, overall, labour demand effects …

In many countries, a significant share of the gender earnings gap stems not only from firm's practices, or self … leave, state-funded childcare for young children, extended school hours, and individual taxation. For each, we provide a …

satisfactory work-life balance. Childcare allows the primary caregiver, usually the mother, to take time away from childrearing for … employment. Family policies that subsidize childcare and increase its availability have different effects on female labor supply … may depend on countryspecific pre-reform female employment and earnings, and childcare availability, costs, and quality. …